何解?因為要分配得公正,涉及誰 deserve(應得)更多,而誰 deserve多誰 deserve少,則關乎我們的社會到底想獎賞哪一種美德或 human quality。所謂「獎賞」是什麼意思?讓我舉個簡單貼身的例子:在香港,「貪婪」毫無疑問是獲最多獎賞的 human quality。貪婪到盡的大地產商,沒有因貪婪而分配少了,反而分配得最多財富和權力。我們若不同意貪婪應該被「獎賞」,則這個社會明顯沒有做到社會資源的公正分配,或「分配上的公義」(distributive justice)。
Our Gross National Product, now, is over $800 billion dollars a year, but that Gross National Product...counts air pollution and cigarette advertising, and ambulances to clear our highways of carnage. It counts special locks for our doors and the jails for the people who break them. It counts the destruction of the redwood and the loss of our natural wonder in chaotic sprawl. It counts napalm and counts nuclear warheads and armored cars for the police to fight the riots in our cities. It counts Whitman's rifle and Speck's knife, and the television programs which glorify violence in order to sell toys to our children.
Yet the gross national product does not allow for the health of our children, the quality of their education or the joy of their play. It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages... It measures neither our wit nor our courage, neither our wisdom nor our learning, neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country, it measures everything in short, except that which makes life worthwhile.